The Zone Diet Essay example -- Weight Loss Nutrition Papers

The Zone Diet High-protein/ low-carbohydrate diets are nothing new to Americans these days; they seem overwhelmingly to be the most popular among those people trying to lose weight. Ph.D. Dr. Barry Sears’ books on his version of the high-protein diet, the Zone Diet, are among the best selling diet books on the market. The diet seems to be yielding quick and noticeable results to those who follow Dr. Sears’ plan. Many people are desperate to lose weight and have tried numerous methods that have not produced sufficient and long lasting results. This could perhaps be the reason for the recent craze for the high-protein/ low-carbohydrate diet- it really does cause weight loss. Even Hollywood movie stars such as actresses Jennifer Anniston and Sandra Bullock attribute their recent weight loss and improvement in appearance to the Zone diet. However, in the midst of all of the hype, we must examine the claims and assess the degree to which this diet is indeed effective. Further, considering that Dr. Sears’ advice contradicts what we have been told for years about dieting, we must determine if it is healthy. Could we have been misinformed when given advice to eat a diet rich in carbohydrates, or is this diet another that falls short of what it promises? THE ZONE AND IT’S PURPOSE Dr. Barry Sears, Ph.D., is responsible for the development of The Zone nutrition concept, which is based upon 15 years of his research in the field of bio-nutrition. It was guided by the same science that won the 1982 Nobel Prize for Medicine dealing with the research of eicosanoids. The term "Zone" is an expression used by athletes to describe a near-euphoric state of maximum physical, mental and psychological performance (http://www.nutrition... ...igh meat diets and cancer risk." The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 58(2):243-8, May 1999. Holm, L et.al. "Randomized trial on protein vs carbohydrate in ad libitum fat reduced diet for the treatment of obesity." International Journal of Obesity. 23(5):528-36, May 1999. Katan, MB. "High-oil compared to low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets in the prevention of ischemic heart disease." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 66:974-979, Oct. 1997 Miller, SI and Wolfe, RR. "Physical exercise as a modulator of adaptation to low and high carbohydrate and low and high fat intakes." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53:112-9, Apr. 1999 Panhuysen, G. et.al. "Does carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor food prevent a deterioration of mood and cognitive performance of stress-prone subjects when subjected to a stressful task?" Appetite. (1):49-65, Aug. 1998.

How duration affects the rate of electrolysis in a Voltaic Cell Essay

Design and Conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of ONE FACTOR on redox reactions. Introduction:- The two main components of redox reactions are reduction and oxidation. Reduction is a gain in electrons and the decrease in oxidation number whereas oxidation is the loss of electrons and the increase in oxidation number. Voltaic cells, also known as galvanic cells generate their own electricity. The redox reaction in a Voltaic cell is a spontaneous reaction. For this reason, voltaic cells are commonly used as batteries. Voltaic cell reactions supply energy which is used to perform work. The energy is harnessed by situating the oxidation and reduction reactions in separate containers, joined by an apparatus (known as the salt bridge which primarily completes a circuit and maintains electrical neutrality) that allows electrons to flow. The functions of a voltaic cell are quite simple. There happens to be an anode and a cathode. The positive ions go the negative electrode (anode) whereas the negative ions go to the positive electrode (cathode). Electrons always flow from the anode (where oxidation takes place) to the cathode (where reduction takes place). Electrons flow across wires whereas ions flow across the electrolyte and the salt bridge. Aim:- The objective of this experiment is to see how the time affects the mass of the zinc electrode (anode) and the copper electrode (cathode) in a voltaic cell. Variables:- Variable Type of variable How it will be controlled Time (s) Independent (The one you change) Values from 5 to 35 minutes will be used Mass of anode & cathode (g) Dependent (The one you measure) Electrodes will be measured after each time interval Current (A) Controlled Measure the current with the help on an ammeter Initial mass of cathode and anode (g) Controlled Weigh out the electrodes using top pan balance from the beginning of the experiment Charge on ion Controlled Use the same solution for all the trials. The charge on the copper ion should be 2+ since the copper 2+ is being converted to copper metal. The charge on the zinc ion should be 0 because Zn is being converted to Zn 2+ Concentration of electrolyte Controlled Use the same solution for all the trials. The solution primarily should be 1 mol dm-3 (just like standard conditions) Area of electrodes (cm2) Controlled Measure the electrodes to ensure they have the same dimensions (9Ãâ€"2.5cm). Use the same electrodes for all the trials. Volume of electrolyte (cm3) Controlled Use a measuring cylinder to measure out the electrolyte’s volume Atmosphere which we are working under Controlled Primarily we are working under standard room temperature of 298 K Apparatus:- * 1Ãâ€"22.5cm2 copper electrode * 1Ãâ€"22.5cm2 zinc electrode * 100cm3 1mol dm-3 Zinc sulphate solution * 100cm3 1mol dm-3 copper (II) sulphate solution * Filter paper (required to create a salt bridge) * 100cm3 of potassium nitrate solution (the spectator ion which I will require for creating the salt bridge which will complete the circuit and maintain electrical neutrality) * 2x200cm3 beakers * Stopwatch (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01s) * 1x100cm3 measuring cylinder (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.0cm3) * Voltmeter * 2 connecting wires * Top pan balance (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g) Method:- 1) Set up the voltaic cell. Use a measuring cylinder to measure out 100cm3 of copper sulphate solution. Pour it into the 200 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ beaker. 2) Next do the same for zinc sulphate. Use a measuring cylinder to help measure out 100cm3 of zinc sulphate solution. Pour it into a different 200 cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ beaker. 3) Weigh the masses of the electrodes separately using a top pan balance. Record the initial masses. 4) Connect the wires to the outlets in the zinc and copper electrode. Place them in the corresponding outlets of the voltmeter. 5) After that we cut out some filter paper and dip that into our spectator ion (potassium nitrate) in order to build a salt bridge. The salt bridge will primarily complete the circuit, allow flow of ions and maintain electrical neutrality. The salt bridge will be placed in such a way that the ends of the salt bridge will be touching separate solutions of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate. The overall circuit should resemble the diagram in Figure.1. 6) Place the zinc electrode into the beaker with the zinc sulphate solution and the copper electrode into the beaker with the copper sulphate solution and at the same time, start the stopwatch. Keep the stopwatch running until 200 seconds elapse. *Note- we will be recording the time every 5 minutes because 1 or 2 minutes simply isn’t enough for the change to take place 7) Take the cathode out of the solution and measure its mass (remember, before doing so, shake it a couple of times in order to remove any moisture). Record the mass. Do the same for the zinc electrode 8) Place the electrodes into their respective solutions once again and start timing. Repeat steps 5 to 6 9) Repeat the same steps until we get mass readings for up to 60 minutes of experimenting. Data Collection and Processing Raw data:- – Initial mass of anode (zinc electrode): 31.29 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g – Initial mass of cathode (copper electrode): 32.05 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g Table 1 – Mass of anode and cathode obtained from different time intervals Duration of electrolysis (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.21s) Mass of anode (zinc electrode) (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g) Mass of cathode (copper electrode) (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g) 300.00 (5 minutes) 31.27 32.08 600.00 (10 minutes) 31.14 32.16 900.00 (15 minutes) 31.08 32.27 1200.00 (20 minutes) 31.00 32.42 1500.00 (25 minutes) 30.83 32.49 1800.00 (30 minutes) 30.61 32.80 2100.00 (35 minutes) 30.25 33.08 Qualitative observations:- – We can see that the copper is deposited at the cathode where the cathode begins to get more pink/ brownish colour. – Blue colour of copper sulphate solution begins to get paler. – Zinc electrode begins to corrode a bit. Most corrosion can be observed at 35 minutes time interval. Note* – Uncertainties: The average reaction time was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.5s even though it did alter from interval to interval. Note that there is also a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01s time uncertainty in the stopwatch itself. The uncertainty for mass is inscribed on the top pan balance as well. Data Processing: We must now calculate the mass changes which have taken place due to experimenting with different time intervals. (Different time intervals would result in a different mass change) This can be calculated simply by doing the following: Mass change = final mass – initial mass Due note however that this formula can only be used for calculating the mass change taking place at the cathode (copper electrode where reduction takes place). This is because copper 2+ is being converted to copper metal and is being deposited at the cathode. Obviously this would result in a mass gain at the cathode. Therefore, it would be better for us to use the formula ‘Mass change = final mass – initial mass’ so that it gives us a positive value for the mass change taking place at the cathode. Example 1 Mass change = final mass – initial mass => 32.08 – 32.05 => 0.03g Example 2 Now to calculate the mass change taking place at the anode (zinc electrode), we use the following formula, Mass change = initial mass- final mass. In this case we use this formula because we know that the zinc is being oxidized to zinc 2+ leading the zinc electrode to corrode. This therefore results in a decrease in mass of the anode (zinc electrode). Thus, it would be better for us to use the formula ‘Mass change = initial mass – final mass’ so that it gives us a positive value for the mass change taking place at the anode. Mass change = initial mass – final mass = > 31.29 – 31.27 = > 0.02 Table 2 -Mass changes of anode and cathode for each time interval Time (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.21s) Mass change of Anode (Zinc electrode)(à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g) Mass change of cathode (copper electrode) (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.01g) 300.00 (5 minutes) 0.02 0.03 600.00 (10 minutes) 0.15 0.11 900.00 (15 minutes) 0.21 0.22 1200.00 (20 minutes) 0.29 0.37 1500.00 (25 minutes) 0.46 0.44 1800.00 (30 minutes) 0.68 0.75 2100.00 (35 minutes) 1.04 1.03 Graph 1:- Graph 2:- To derive the equation for the two separate reactions, the number of electrons gained or lost during the process has to be deduced. The mass change per minute can be deduced from the gradient. Therefore we first calculate the gradient of graph 1 (mass changes for zinc electrode). For calculating the gradient, find two points which perfectly fits in the grid. In this case, the points (0.04. 100) and (0.08, 200) Gradient= (Y2 – Y1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (X2 – X1) = (0.08- 0.04) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (200 – 100) = (0.04) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (100) = 0.0004 Therefore, the gradient of the first graph is 0.0002. So the mass change per minute for the anode is 0.0004. Next, we calculate the gradient of graph 2 (mass changes for copper electrode). To find the gradient, we work with the points (0.20. 500) and (0.24, 700) Gradient= (Y2 – Y1) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (X2 – X1) = (700 – 500) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (0.24- 0.20) = (200) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (0.04) = 0.0002 Therefore, the gradient of the first graph is 0.0002. So the mass change per minute for the cathode is 0.0002. The uncertainties also need to be propagated through the summation of the fractional uncertainties. Uncertainties regarding zinc electrode:- Fractional uncertainty of mass = absolute uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ actual value = 0.01 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.02 = 0.500 Fractional uncertainty of time = absolute uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ actual value = 0.21 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 300 = > 0.0007 = 0.001 Total uncertainty = 0.001 + 0.500 = 0.501 to 3 decimal places Therefore the rate of change is 0.004 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.501 g/s Table 3 – Rate of change for each time interval for anode (zinc electrode) Time (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.21s) Rate of change of anode (zinc electrode) (g/s) 60.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.501 120.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.067 180.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.048 240.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.035 300.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.022 360.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.015 420.00 0.004à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001 To calculate the number of electrons in zinc electrode, the following equation may be used:- Number of electrons = molar mass à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mass of electrode (mass of one of the samples) = 65.37 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 31.27 = 2.09 Therefore, this would be the half-equation which would occur at the cathode: Zn–> Zn2.09+ + 2.09e- Due to the loss in a bit more electrons compared to the theoretical formula, it would be a stronger reducing agent therefore the electrode potential would be lower (more negative) than that of the original value. Nevertheless, the electrode potential cannot be determined. Uncertainties regarding copper electrode:- Fractional uncertainty of mass = absolute uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ actual value = 0.01 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.03 = 0.333 Fractional uncertainty of time = absolute uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ actual value = 0.21 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 300 = > 0.0007 = 0.001 Total uncertainty = 0.001 + 0.333= 0.334 to 3 decimal places Therefore the rate of change is 0.002 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.334 g/s Table 3 – Rate of change for each time interval for cathode (copper electrode) Time (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.21s) Rate of change of cathode (copper electrode) (g/s) 60.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.334 120.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.091 180.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.046 240.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.027 300.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.023 360.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.013 420.00 0.002à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.010 To calculate the number of electrons in copper electrode, the following equation may be used:- Number of electrons = molar mass à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mass of electrode (mass of one of the samples) = 65.50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 32.08 = 2.04 Therefore, this would be the half-equation which would occur at the cathode: Cu2.04+ + 2.04e- –> Cu Due to the gain of a bit more electrons compared to the theoretical formula, it would be a slightly weaker oxidizing agent therefore the electrode potential would be slightly lower than that of the original value. Nevertheless, the electrode potential cannot be determined. Conclusion My results show that as the duration/ time intervals increase, the mass of the anode (zinc electrode) decreases and the mass of the cathode (copper electrode) increases. We can see that there is a strong positive correlation between the time it takes for both electrodes to change in masses. If the duration is longer, then more electrons flow from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode (anode to cathode) through the electrical wires, while ions flow through the salt bridge to complete. As we know, in a voltaic cell/ galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode (negative electrode) where as reduction occurs at the cathode (positive electrode). Primarily, zinc is oxidized at the anode and converted to zinc 2+. This causes corrosion at the zinc electrode due to the metal being converted to ions thus the mass of the zinc electrode (anode) decreases. On the other hand, copper undergoes reduction at the cathode and the copper 2+ ions get converted to copper metal. This causes the copper metal to be deposited at the cathode thus leading to the copper electrode (cathode) to increase in mass as the duration is increased. The following anodic reaction takes place at the zinc electrode (this is the theoretical equation):- Zn (s) –> Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- However the equation we found experimentally is:- Zn–> Zn2.09+ + 2.09e- Hence, this suggests that since the former zinc sample has more electrons to lose, it is an even stronger oxidizing agent compared to the theoretical equation and is slightly higher in the electrochemical series than the latter zinc samples. According to the results that have been gathered, there is a positive correlation between the time it takes to electrolyse an aqueous solution and the rate of electrolysis. The rate of electrolysis was measured using the mass of cathode. If the duration of electrolysis is longer, then more electrons will flow through the circuit and more ions will flow from the anode to the cathode. Oxidation occurs at the anode whereas reduction occurs at the cathode. The cathode gains electrons therefore the mass decreases. The following reaction has taken place (although this is the theoretical equation): Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- –> Cu (s) However, the experimental equation is: Cu1.75+ + 1.75e- –> Cu Therefore this implies that since the former copper sample has more electrons to gain, it is a stronger oxidizing agent and it is lower in the electrochemical series than the latter copper sample. The value of the electrode potential hasn’t been calculated, however, the number of electrons is 25% off there that shows that there is a great difference between the literature value and the experimental value. According to the graph in the previous page, there is a very strong positive correlation between the mass change and duration of electrolysis as can be deduced from the high R squared value. The change in mass over a certain period of time is very gradual because of the size of the electrons. Although a lot of electrons are able to flow through the electrolyte, there is not such a drastic change. By looking at the graph, almost all the error bars for the points touch the line of best fit which means the data is fairly accurate. The theoretical mass of a copper electrode would be 31.75g. From the results that have been tabulated, the mass of a copper electrode is 36.21g. The percentage error can be calculated using the following formula: Percentage error = difference x 100 theoretical value = 4.46 x 100 31.75 = 14.04% This shows that although there is not such a big difference between the theoretical value and the experimental value. Evaluation Limitation Type of error Improvement The mass of the anode was not measured therefore the rate of electron transfer between the two electrodes could not be determined. This could have increased or decreased the mass of the cathode. Random Measure the mass of the anode The power pack has internal resistance therefore not all the current was emitted. This could have decreased the current, thus decreasing the number of electrons produced. Random Use a resistor to accurately measure the current The top pan balance had a zero offset error. This could have increased the mass of the cathode. Systematic Use the top pan balance with the 0.001 uncertainty to obtain more accurate values. a

Correlation Between Parental Affection And Positive Adult...

The Correlation between Parental Affection and Positive Adult Relationships Teena John The University of Texas at Tyler Research Methods, Fall 2016 The Correlation between Parental Affection and Future Adult Relationships A recent study showed that a person’s upbringing is the core foundation and influence on future relationships. According to Currie (as cited in Tayler, 2015) it has been shown that a child’s early encounters shape the brain foundation for future behaviors. Parent to child relationship is the core foundation in a child’s development. (Butcher, R. L., Gersch, 2014) Attachment theorist John Bolby showed that having emotional relationship with a child’s main caregiver is the key foundation to that child’s personality and behavior. (as cited in Butcher, et al. 2014) A warm, positive early relationship in a child’s life leads to them developing strong emotional and social capability, which in turn directs them into making positive future relationships with others. (Hanko, 2006) Thus, the purpose of the present study is to establish whether positive, nurturing parental upbringing is related to positive, successful adult romantic relationship. Childhood Relationships A large body of research has demonstrated the importance of a strong, nurturing parental foundation and the benefits it has on future adult companionship. (Hanko,2006 ) The type of attachment style shown by the parents influences the child’s adult relationship. ForShow MoreRelatedSocial Status and Child Development944 Words   |  4 PagesSociologists have increasingly become very concerned with the way families shape children’s development and overall well-being. Children’s behavior problems, in particular, are an important aspect of child development, and may be implicated in later adult outcomes. For example, life course research finds that early child tempers may lead to later problems in life, such as downward occupational, work lives, and divorce and separation. 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Essay on Euthanasia - 1395 Words

EUTHANASIA Euthanasia--what does this word mean? It comes from the Greek words eu and thantos which translate to good death (Euthanasia World Directory, www.efn.org/~ergo/). Though this is the very literal meaning, it has become a more complex concept in our current society. Assisted suicide, self-deliverance, auto euthanasia, aid-in-dying are all terms that deal with the choice of achieving a good death; the choice of deciding for oneself when it is time to escape unimaginable pain and have the chance to die with the dignity we all deserve. According to the Euthanasia Research Guidance Organization (ERGO!) there are two main forms of suicide (Euthanasia Research Guidance Organization, www.finalexit.org). One is emotional†¦show more content†¦The other case is if the person has a grave physical handicap which is so restricting that the individual cannot, even after due consideration, counseling, and re-training, tolerate such a limited existence (The Verbal Battle Over Euthanasia, www.religioustolerance.org). This is a fairly rare reason for suicide since most people learn to cope with their situation, but there are some who would, at a certain point, rather die. Since, at the current time, assisted suicide is not widely legal there are no laws giving the ethical parameters. The public often thinks that since regular suicide has no rules or restrictions, neither does assisted suicide. This is incorrect. Most every suicide bill currently trying to gain approval shares several guidelines that must be met before the suicide may be preformed. The person must be a mature adult. This is essential. 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The Performance Of The Houston Astros Essay - 920 Words

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Macbeth Passage Analysis free essay sample

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The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds Essay Example For Students

The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds Essay The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds: JEFF and the Alliance for Progress By the asss, Latin America had seen its share to U. S. Policies with aims to improve inter-Armenian relations and regional stability. Especially after World War II, these policies were often unsuited for long-term development and served American interests before the basic needs of the people. President Eisenhower open support of military dictatorships left many Latin Americans Linden oppressive social conditions, and the rest were left with false hopes of economic and humanitarian aid. Military aid to Latin America, however, had doubled as the fear of communism overtook the hope for any long-term developmental efforts, resulting in a surge in anti-Americanism and inclinations toward non-democratic ideologies. President Kennedy was determined to change the course Of LIST. Policy toward Latin America with the Alliance for Progress, a ten-year plan with more than $20 billion in loans announced in 1961 _ This was a sharp contrast to the hard power approach of the Eisenhower administration, as the threat was now ideological in the form Of communism. We will write a custom essay on The Battle for Latin American Hearts and Minds specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nevertheless, it is Widely held that he Alliance for Progress and its related programs, such as the Peace Corps, were unsuccessful in bringing about the development and colonization in Latin America that the U. S. Had hoped for in the asss. The Kennedy Administration was consumed with finding a way to fight communism in the Western Hemisphere through soft power, and he soon found out that democracy and social justice could not be easily imparted to poor countries. The revolutionary mentality of Latin America would no longer accept another US. Policy of intervention cloaked in goodwill efforts. Winning the hearts and minds of the people came down to cultural relativism and listening to what the people needed, not what the U. S. Thought they needed. The implementation of public diplomacy tools conflicted with American self-interest and the harsh realities of Latin American society, ultimately undermining the Alliance for Progress. President Kennedy introduced the Alliance for Progress as a way to satisfy the basic needs of the American people for homes, favor and land, health and schools through democracy, social and agrarian reforms. It also planned to solve deep problems such as economic integration and commodity market problems. Most importantly, it would assist in keeping conflicting ideologies, specifically Coatrooms, out of the region. Kennedy traveled to Puerco Rice, Mexico, Venezuela, Costa Rica and Colombia that year to promote the Alliance for Progress. The Kennedys were hardly effective in communicating the plan in Latin America as John conducted the speeches in English and Jackie only spoke briefly in Spanish, but they were initially successful in advocating the plan. John rode on his charisma and reputation in the region to convince the masses that the aid they had waited for had now come, but the over idealistic nature of his plan exulted in disappointment. Kennedy overlooked the two major factors facing Latin America at the time: a rigid social system and a rapidly growing population. Even if the aid reached the poor after it had passed through the hands of the powerful elite, it was not creating the jobs and quality Of life that they had expected. According to Robert Kinsley, mass communications had caused high expectations for the Alliance for Progress, as the poor became aware of how the other half lived and desired that lifestyle in a less than realistic timeshare. Despite some measurable progress, it was not enough for the rowing population in terms of three of the most important factors: agrarian reform, employment and education. The Charter of Punt del Est. Outlined the objectives of the Alliance for Progress in more detail, covering expectations for economic growth, distribution of wealth and land, employment, productivity, education and health. Quantitative results showed slow rates of change as population growth worked against them, even back tracking in trends such as education where the percentage of children in primary school dropped considerably by the end of the decade. Agrarian retort and industrialization loud not keep up with the demand of the population either. .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .postImageUrl , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:hover , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:visited , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:active { border:0!important; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:active , .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a1257452f0ef8c60e96baf0dc16afec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Picture Of Dorian Gray EssayThere were more mouths to feed and more peasants seeking further estate divisions than ever. Latin American political culture also prevented any sort of economic cooperation and mutual progress, as leaders were unwilling to work together. By and far the most hindering economic feature that was poorly thought out was the fact that many Latin American countries already had existing debt payments. There was huge risk involved for IIS investors to take their business to the region, Vichy success of the Alliance was dependent on. Therefore, repayment of debts was initially slow and hindering. The execution Of the Peace Corps during the asss is another example of how the Alliance for Progress was overly idealistic in anticipating the international communitys openness to American colonization. It was also in many instances a poor advocate for the Alliance. The Peace Corps provided trained volunteers to capacitate impoverished communities With the hope that a better interpersonal and intercultural understanding would ensue. It also allowed Earnings to feel like one part oftener foreign policy was helping the world. However, a few logistical aspects were overlooked that would affect the reciprocity. The first was organizational as it was unclear how much structure (or restrictions) the volunteers should be given in their host country. Basic training in language and history, and any behavioral guidelines were not given and therefore it was at the volunteers discretion. Cultural differences were also quite a shock to the volunteers who struggled to assimilate and therefore often remained secluded, which was the case in the early groups sent to Ethiopia. The second aspect that was overlooked was the presence or the further development f any anti-American sentiments, such is the case of Bolivia. The peace Corps volunteers work, although successful at the beginning, was too ambitious for the leftist government as they were promoting community reforms that threatened traditional social balance. As seen in the backlash to the distribution of birth control, proper training on the religious and social attitudes in the destination country, along with awareness of that countrys current tensions with the LIE. S. , is necessary to avoid upsetting a very fragile balance. Under such conditions, not much progress could be made to benefit local populations, and the volunteers ere expelled in 1971 _ George Keenan suggests that it is in Latin Americas best interest to listen to the advice of the u. S. , but this case study shows in fact that it must be the Opposite. Public diplomacy cannot be successful if listening is not conducted on either side, but particularly on the side of those who are implementing the policy. The Alliance for Progress also lost credibility in the fact that Kennedys lofty words did not always match the aggressive actions of the LIE. S. Abroad. The claim that it was acting Without self-interest in Latin America as deceitful, as some of the funds were quietly put toward counterinsurgency programs to prevent the spread of communism in Latin America. There was suspicion of U. S. Involvement in the assassination of the Dominican President Trujillo in 1961, but all that can be proven is that the CIA provided the assassins weapons. He also openly supported states run by oppressive dictators, such as Brazil and Guatemala, through the Mann Doctrines idea of non-discrimination in foreign investment. One of the pitfalls of the Alliance for Progress was that there was greater weight on economic performance than political or social improvements, This had unintended consequences of political instability for years to come. Meanwhile, highly publicized events such as the 1961 Bay of Pigs and the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis proved to the international community that the U. S. Was indeed willing to act forcefully and unilaterally in Latin America if necessary. .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .postImageUrl , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:hover , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:visited , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:active { border:0!important; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:active , .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7 .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa5a6c4f1d443c861f321041c009ffc7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Don Juan EssayIn the minds of Latin American nationalists, the Alliance for progress was never able to overcome the idea of Yankee imperialism, despite the public diplomacy efforts in other sectors of society. Aggressive LLC. S_ policies were the ones that ever most commonly known, and the ones they resented the cost. The final question of legitimacy in the Alliance for Progress is the lack Of what Robert Kinsley calls business diplomacy. As mentioned, any economic development in Latin America through the Alliance for Progress funds would have to depend primarily on private investment. American business did not concern itself With combating the corruption that controlled the economies Of Latin America while working under the Mann Doctrine, and this contributed to the question of whether the LIST. Was truly working in the regions best interest. Business leaders failed to look at the actual realities of Latin America and what ACH country needed, using their work as a problem-solving tool for social justice, freedoms, and national identity. Kinsley suggests that this could have been the ideology that the U. S. Remoter as its own during this time economic progress through honest foreign investment as the affects of business can be felt virtually anywhere. Despite overwhelming support for his efforts upon his election and continued adoration tort his good intentions, Kennedys policies still tailed to win the hearts and minds of Latin Earnings by the end of the decade, His desire to help the or in Latin America conflicted with the obsession in Washington to combat comm unism from all sides. In this case, the soft power and public diplomacy efforts (and successes) went unnoticed as long as hard power was also at work. The legacy of hard power in the American foreign policy toolbox had led to very high expectations for other efforts. By the asss, no comprehensive Latin American development program was created despite the tens of billions of dollars that were committed to the region. In most cases, the Alliance for Progress continued to line the pockets of elites because the funds were poorly allocated. The actions of the Peace Corps demonstrated the continued inability to recognize Latin Americans cultural, historical and economic differences, and furthered sentiments of American arrogance. Y the early asss, the program was considered a failure and in 1973, the Organization Of American States disbanded the committee that implemented the Alliance for Progress. As G. John Snobbery suggests, true colonization is a long-term commitment Of external inducement or internal reconstruction. However, if the hegemony does not have legitimacy in those that it is socializing, colonization will only be successfu l through coercion. Kinsley states, Nothing has been more destructive of good inter. American relations than this smug sense of superiority of the Anglo-Saxon world and its implicitly material values, a useful lesson for the 21st century where relations with Latin America continue to be crucial. The effect past policies have on U. S. Soft power and public diplomacy in the region today are infinite. There must be a concerted effort to acknowledge and appreciate the differences between economic and social experiences, to follow through on promises and to make listening the first step in advancing positive relations in the region.